1. When I look at
host3@host3-desktop:~/Desktop$ df -h /boot
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda7 93M 54M 34M 62% /boot
2.
initrd.img-3.2.0-23-generic-pae vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae
initrd.img-3.2.0-22-generic-pae vmlinuz-3.2.0-22-generic-pae
initrd.img-3.2.0-21-generic-pae vmlinuz-3.2.0-21-generic-pae
initrd.img-3.2.0-20-generic-pae vmlinuz-3.2.0-20-generic-pae
3. Here is lot of unused kernels. Remove all but the last kernels with:
initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic-pae vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic-pae this is the last kernel image file, so keep it as usual. delete the others
Use this
To list all installed kernels, run:
Another way you can change the /boot partition and merge with root partion
/boot I see that it is indeed very low on space, and has old-kernel files in it: host3@host3-desktop:~/Desktop$ df -h /boot
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda7 93M 54M 34M 62% /boot
2.
host3@host3-desktop:~/Desktop$ la /bootinitrd.img-3.2.0-23-generic-pae vmlinuz-3.2.0-23-generic-pae
initrd.img-3.2.0-22-generic-pae vmlinuz-3.2.0-22-generic-pae
initrd.img-3.2.0-21-generic-pae vmlinuz-3.2.0-21-generic-pae
initrd.img-3.2.0-20-generic-pae vmlinuz-3.2.0-20-generic-pae
3. Here is lot of unused kernels. Remove all but the last kernels with:
initrd.img-3.2.0-27-generic-pae vmlinuz-3.2.0-26-generic-pae this is the last kernel image file, so keep it as usual. delete the others
Use this
sudo apt-get purge linux-image-{3.0.0-12,2.6.3{1-21,2-25,8-{1[012],8}}} or This is shorthand for:sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.2.0-23 linux-image-2.6.31-21
linux-image-2.6.32-25 linux-image-2.6.38-10
linux-image-2.6.38-11 linux-image-2.6.38-12 linux-image-2.6.38-8
It will removethelinux-image-x.x.x-xpackage will also remove
linux-image-x.x.x-x-generic-pae
The headers are installed into /usr/src and are used
when building out-tree kernel modules (like the proprietary nvidia
driver and virtualbox). Most users should remove these header packages
if the matching kernel package (linux-image-*) is not installed.To list all installed kernels, run:
dpkg -l linux-image-\* | grep ^ii
One command to show all kernels and headers that can be removed, excluding the
current running kernel:
kernelver=$(uname -r | sed -r 's/-[a-z]+//')
dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/ii/{print $2}' | grep -ve $kernelver
It selects all packages named starting with linux-headers-<some number> or
linux-image-<some number>, prints the package names for installed packages
and then excludes the current loaded/running kernel (not necessarily the
latest kernel!). This fits in therecommendation of testing a newer kernel
before removing older, known-to-work kernels.
So, after upgrading kernels and rebooting to test it, you can remove all other kernels with:sudo apt-get purge $(dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*"
| awk '/ii/{print $2}' | grep -ve "$(uname -r | sed -r 's/-[a-z]+//')")
Another way you can change the /boot partition and merge with root partion
You can stop using a separate /boot partition,
then you won't have such limited space there. To do this, unmount the
partition, then mount it somewhere else and copy all of the files there
to the /boot directory in your root partition, then remove the entry
from /etc/fstab and reinstall grub. For example ( you will need to use
the correct partition ):
More
http://askubuntu.com/questions/89710/how-do-i-free-up-more-space-in-boot
sudo -s
umount /boot
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
cp -a /mnt/* /boot/
umount /mnt
gedit /etc/fstab
grub-install /dev/sda
You can then use gparted to delete the old /boot partition, and
possibly extend the root partition to use that space. To extend the
root partition you will need to boot from the livecd, and the free space
needs to be immediately to the right. If the /boot partition is
currently to the left of the root partition, then you will need to first
move the root partition to the left, then extend it, but this can take a
very, very long time, so may not be worth the trouble.More
http://askubuntu.com/questions/89710/how-do-i-free-up-more-space-in-boot
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